Abstract This research introduces a practical and innovative approach for real-time air quality assessment and health risk prediction, focusing on urban, industrial, suburban, rural, and traffic-heavy environments. The framework integrates data from multiple sources, including fixed and mobile air quality sensors, meteorological inputs, satellite data, and localised demographic information. Using a combination of machine learning techniques such as Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks the system predicts pollutant concentrations and classifies air quality levels with high temporal accuracy. Interpretability is achieved through SHAP analysis, which provides insight into the most influential environmental and demographic variables behind each prediction. A cloud-based architecture enables continuous data flow and live updates through a web dashboard and mobile alert system. Visual risk maps and health advisories are generated every five minutes to support timely decision-making. The framework not only forecasts pollution trends but also identifies vulnerable populations through spatial overlays. Future validation will include real-world sensor deployment and comparison with health impact records to ensure both scientific accuracy and community relevance.
Rajesh et al. (2025) studied this question.