Genetic and Molecular Insights into AIDS Progression: A Genome-Wide Association Data-Driven Analysis

AIDS progression varies widely among individuals, influenced by genetic and molecular factors affecting immune responses and viral replication. Identifying genetic variants associated with disease progression can reveal host-pathogen interactions and potential therapeutic targets. This study analyzes genome-wide association study (GWAS) data and performs functional enrichment analyses to explore key genetic determinants of AIDS progression. GWAS data were analyzed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), significantly associated with AIDS progression. Functional enrichment through Gene Ontology (GO), KEGG pathways and CellMarker databases classified genes by biological functions, immune cell associations and metabolic pathways. Unsupervised machine learning algorithms, including hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to validate patterns. Significant SNPs were identified in genes such as PARD3B, LTF, CCRL2, NBPF14, DGKI, RPH3AL and H2AFY, linked to immune regulation, inflammation and viral replication control. PARD3B was associated with slower disease progression while DGKI highlighted metabolic involvement through phosphatidylinositol signaling. Hierarchical clustering revealed natural SNP groupings and PCA confirmed distinct genomic patterns influencing AIDS progression. This study highlights genetic variants influencing AIDS progression and identifies potential biomarkers for future therapeutic strategies. Validation and further exploration of personalized treatment approaches are recommended.