Effectiveness of Different Surgical Techniques in the Removal of Odontogenic Cysts: A Narrative Review

Odontogenic cysts are pathological cavities lined with epithelium and derived from odontogenic tissues, frequently encountered in dental practice. Their varied etiopathogenesis, overlapping clinical and radiographic features, and potential for recurrence represent significant challenges in clinical decision-making for dental surgeons. This review evaluates the effectiveness of different surgical techniques for treating odontogenic cysts, aiming to assist clinicians in selecting the most appropriate approach for each lesion type. A narrative literature review was conducted using the PubMed and SciELO databases, resulting in the inclusion of 32 relevant studies. The choice of technique was found to depend on factors such as cyst type and location, lesion size, patient age, and proximity to vital anatomical structures. Simple enucleation is indicated for small, well-defined lesions; marsupialization is useful for large or hard-to-access cysts; combined techniques are recommended when there is a risk of fracture; and segmental resection is reserved for aggressive or recurrent lesions. The study underscores the need for future research using standardized methodologies, as heterogeneity in surgical indications and study designs remains a major limitation. No single surgical technique proved universally superior, reinforcing the importance of individualized assessment and accurate diagnosis for therapeutic success.