Shadow Puppetry and Thai Politics: Power, Humor, and the Art of Political Satire in Southern Thailand

Nang Talung, the traditional shadow puppet theater of Southern Thailand, has evolved from a medium of entertainment and moral instruction into a platform for political criticism and social commentary. This study examines the art form’s historical and contemporary role in amplifying marginalized voices, focusing on the works of pioneering puppeteers such as Nang Mun Nui, Nang Phrakhiang Rakhangthong, Nang Phrom Noi, and contemporary master Nang Nong Deaw. Employing James C. Scott’s concept of Everyday Resistance and theories on humor as a political tool, the research explores how contemporary Nang Talung in the Southern region criticizes existing power structures through allegory, satire, and clown characters that articulate societal grievances while avoiding confrontation. Analysis of archival performances and digital media reveals a shift from traditional poetic storytelling to humor-centric narratives, exemplified by Nang Nong Deaw’s innovative use of satire and digital platforms to address local and national issues. These performances highlight contemporary Nang Talung’s adaptability, preserving cultural traditions while engaging modern audiences through political discourse. By blending humor and social criticism, Nang Talung continues to serve as a dynamic medium for discontent, reflecting the resilience and agency of rural communities in navigating social inequities.