Coastal ecological dynamics: monitoring vegetation changes in the Sfiha-Swani region (Morocco)

This study examines the dynamics of vegetation cover in the coastal region of Al Hoceima, focusing on Sfiha and Swani beaches. It aims to understand changes in land cover categories, particularly the distribution and dynamics of vegetation cover. The research uses a comprehensive spatio-temporal analysis using advanced remote sensing technology and GIS. The methodology uses four Landsat satellite images and four aerial photos from Google Earth from 2003 to 2021. It involves digital processing, radiometric and geometric corrections, and on-site ground visits to validate remote sensing data outcomes. The study used land cover maps and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) maps to analyze changes in vegetation cover over the past 18 years. The maps revealed percentages of 21% (2003), 25% (2010), 33% (2015), and 15% (2021) of vegetation cover changes, indicating degradation in the study area. The study reveals a significant decline in vegetation in the coastal region due to a combination of human and natural factors. This assessment is crucial for developing effective conservation and management strategies. The findings extend beyond Al Hoceima, providing insights for broader environmental conservation efforts, and highlighting the intricate relationship between human activities and environmental changes.