Changing Facets in Mulching Technology

Mulching has long been recognized as a crucial agricultural practice for enhancing soil health and promoting sustainable crop growth. Traditionally, organic mulches were widely used; however, their inconsistent quality and rapid decomposition have led to the increased adoption of synthetic alternatives, particularly polyethylene-based mulches. While these synthetic materials offer durability and efficiency, their disposal presents significant environmental concerns. Recent advancements have focused on developing sustainable alternatives such as biodegradable plastics, sprayable polymeric films, and innovative hydrophobic mulches. Emerging technologies like superhydrophobic sand mulch and superhydrophobic paper mulch have demonstrated promising results in reducing evaporation and improving soil moisture retention. Additionally, selectively permeable and gas-impermeable films have enhanced crop yield and minimized fumigant application. This review explores the evolving landscape of mulching technologies, analysing their benefits, limitations, and future potential in promoting environmentally sustainable agriculture.