Prediction of the Immunodeficiencies in the Restriction of the Fetal Growth

Introduction: Birth weight has historically been used as an indicator to assess fetal growth, and newborns below the 10th percentile for a given gestational age have generally been associated with poor outcomes. Current knowledge about the functional capacity of the immune system in the first weeks of life highlights the importance of infections as one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in newborns. Objective: To identify risk factors for the onset of immunodeficiency in births with restriction of the fetal growth at the Mariana Grajales Gynecological-Obstetric Hospital in the municipality of Santa Clara, Villa Clara province, from January 2016 to December 2023. Material and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study was carried out in births with restriction of the fetal growth at the Gynecological-Obstetric Hospital of the municipality of Santa Clara, Villa Clara province, from January 2016 to December 2023. The universe was made up of 44 patients. Results: The main risk factor was a history of admission, which represented 56% of the total, followed by not breastfeeding, which in turn represented 40% of the total cases analyzed. Conclusions: It is important to understand the risk factors for the development of immunodeficiency, as well as the warning signs, in order to understand the mechanism of its onset and prevent conditions from leading to the underlying cause.