Case report details successful lead placement in persistent left superior vena cava, indicating a novel technique.
The active fixation atrial pacemaker lead was successfully placed in the proximal part of the persistent left superior vena cava via a retrograde approach with a J-shaped stylet and the modified guiding catheter, which was cut proximally by approximately 10 cm and held at the edge with forceps.
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Sugiura et al. (2025) studied this question.
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