Comparative analysis of bacteria with multidrug resistance (on the example of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa)

Introduction The study addresses the growing challenge of antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, emphasizing their resistance mechanisms and epidemiological significance both globally and in Ukraine. Aim The study aims to compare the main tools and the frequency of resistance of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa in the modern population. Material and methods The current data on the degree of resistance to antimicrobial agents in A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa in Ukraine and worldwide were collected and analysed. Histograms were constructed using Excel to visualise comparisons between drug groups, providing a deeper understanding of the epidemiology and robustness of the mechanisms. Results and discussion The study identified that bacterial resistance is driven by genetic mutations, efflux pumps, and biofilm formation mechanisms, with A. baumannii showing high resistance to imipenem (78.2%) and P. aeruginosa to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (100.0%). Ukrainian isolates demonstrated higher resistance levels to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and carbapenems compared to global averages, indicating a significant prevalence of resistant strains. Conclusions A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa showed lower resistance to ampicillin-sulbactam, with significant regional differences highlighting the need for targeted antimicrobial strategies in Ukraine.