Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as a vehicle for drug delivery approach in Alzheimer's disease

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles are emerging as a promising drug delivery vehicle for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) treatment due to their biocompatibility , stability , & surface versatility. AD is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by cognitive decline, primarily driven by the accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Current treatment options predominantly address symptoms and face significant limitations, particularly in crossing the blood-brain barrier, prompting interest in nanoparticle-based delivery systems. Its nanoscale size offers a high surface area, enabling greater drug-loading capacity and controlled, targeted drug release. Additionally, the surface of HAp nanoparticles can be functionalized with ligands, antibodies, to facilitate specific binding to BBB endothelial cell receptors, improving drug transport into brain tissue. This targeted delivery approach not only enhances drug bioavailability but also reduces side effects commonly associated with conventional AD therapies.