Factores de importancia al hablar de apnea del sueño. Estudio observacional analítico en un laboratorio de sueño en Ibagué, Colombia

Background: Sleep apnea has been described as a sleep breathing disorder, which in recent years has been gaining importance, being considered a chronic pathology with a high burden of disease. Its study will enable us to fill the gaps in existing knowledge, leading to improved prevention, diagnosis, and treatment that positively impact the quality of life for patients. Objective: To establish the association between sociodemographic and clinical factors in adult patients diagnosed with sleep apnea by polysomnography in a sleep laboratory health prescriber institution (IPS) in the city of Ibagué, Colombia. Materials and Methods. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the relationship between sociodemographic and clinical variables and the outcome of sleep apnea by obtaining the p-value of the Chi-square test of independence and the Odds Ratio (OR), with subsequent adjustment using the Mantel-Haenszel method (MH). Results. A sample of 128 patients, selected by simple random sampling, was analyzed. Of these, 79.7% (n = 102) presented with sleep apnea, and 54.7% (n = 70) were women. The minimum age of the participants was 18 years. The maximum was 86 years, with an average of 54.5 years; 53.9% (n = 69) had arterial hypertension, and 42.2% (n = 54) were both overweight and obese. Participants older than 55 years presented sleep apnea more frequently than younger ones, with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.86 (95% CI: 1.72-13.73). The remaining variables did not exhibit statistically significant differences. For the sample evaluated, the Berlin questionnaire showed a sensitivity of 74.51% and a specificity of 38.46% for diagnosing sleep apnea compared to polysomnography.