Psychological Well-Being in Breast Cancer: A Literature Review of the Impact of Precision Oncology and Radiogenomics

Radiogenomic testing, including tools such as Oncotype DX, MammaPrint, and Prosigna, has transformed breast cancer management through improved risk stratification and personalized therapy. However, several potential psychological burdens can result as consequences for these genomic tools. This literature review includes 25 peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2025 that examined the psychological outcomes associated with radiogenomic testing in breast cancer patients. Anxiety, depression, fear of recurrence, and decision conflict were the most common themes encountered in these studies, particularly among those receiving intermediate or high genomic risk scores. Additional moderation factors such as age, health literacy, socioeconomic status, and communication quality were also linked to variations in distress levels. Thematic analysis highlights the importance of integrating psychological support, patient education, and counseling throughout the genomic testing process. This review emphasizes the need for a holistic, patient-centered approach that addresses the emotional and cognitive consequences of precision oncology and identifies key areas for future psychosocial intervention research.