Optimized Carbonization of Biomass‐Derived Carbon Anodes for Stable and Long‐Cycle Sodium‐Ion Battery Performance

This study presents the synthesis of biomass‐derived carbon‐metal organic framework (C‐MOF) using modified sawdust as a sustainable precursor and elucidates its electrochemical performance as an anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Optimization at a pyrolysis temperature of 1000 °C with 7.5% catalyst concentration, C‐MOF achieves a high surface area of 312 m −2 g −1 and electrical conductivity of 28 S cm −1 , contributing to its long cycling electrochemical performance compared to commercial hard carbon (HC). The C‐MOF delivers a maximum discharge capacity of 348.5 mAh g −1 at 25 mA g −1 and exhibits an outstanding cycling stability over 600 cycles with minimal degradation. Electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammetry, impedance, and galvanostatic charge–discharge) reveal efficient sodium‐ion intercalation and favorable ion diffusion characteristics within the porous C‐MOF structure. These findings position C‐MOF as a promising, sustainable, and long‐standing anode material for advanced SIB applications, offering enhanced rate capability, durability, and effective sodium‐ion kinetics.