Renal Nutcracker Syndrome: A Case Series and Systematic Review of an Uncommon and Underdiagnosed Condition

Renal Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is a rare cause of chronic abdominal pain. We present a case series about nutcracker syndrome including 38 cases. Left flank pain was the most common pre-senting symptom (79%). The most utilized imaging was computed tomography (CT) (94.7%). The most common position for nutcracker syndrome was anterior (87.3%). Nutcracker syndrome should be considered in females with unspecified chronic abdominal pain. It is well known to be caused by a compression of left renal vein. A high level of suspicion and accurate preoperative imaging including a CTA can aid in diagnosis. Minimally invasive surgical treatment is feasible.