The Role of Harmonic Scalpel in Total Thyroidectomy for Multinodular Goiter: A Scoping Review

Background: Thyroidectomy is a commonly performed surgical procedure for various thyroid disorders, including multinodular goiter. Achieving optimal hemostasis during thyroid surgery is crucial for minimizing complications, such as hemorrhage, and improving postoperative outcomes. Traditional hemostasis techniques, such as ligation and electrocautery, have been widely used, but newer technologies, including the harmonic scalpel, offer potential advantages. Objective: This review assesses the efficacy of the harmonic scalpel compared to conventional hemostasis techniques in total thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter, with a focus on its impact on surgical efficiency and patient recovery. Methodology: A comprehensive analysis of recent literature was conducted to assess the benefits and limitations of the harmonic scalpel in total thyroidectomy. Studies comparing the harmonic scalpel with conventional techniques were reviewed to determine its effectiveness in reducing operative time, blood loss, hospital stay, postoperative drainage, and pain. Results: The harmonic scalpel significantly reduces operative time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay duration, postoperative drainage volume, and postoperative pain compared to conventional hemostasis techniques. These benefits contribute to improved surgical efficiency and enhanced patient recovery. Conclusion: The harmonic scalpel presents a valuable alternative to traditional hemostasis methods in total thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter. Despite cost considerations, its advantages in reducing complications and improving patient outcomes support its broader adoption in thyroid surgery. Further large-scale studies are recommended to validate its long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness.