EEG markers of improved proprioception and posture in older women with osteoporosis.

The age-related decline in proprioception contributes to poor balance and motor coordination, increasing the risk of falls. Ten female participants (> 65 years) with osteoporosis underwent the Mini Balance Evaluation System test before (T0) and after (T1) a three-week programme involving the application of neuro-muscular taping to the lumbar, rhomboid and gastrocnemius muscles, alongside 15 minutes of simple physical exercises each day to improve proprioception. High-density electroencephalography (EEG) data were collected during the sensory orientation tasks, i.e., standing with eyes open or closed on solid and foam surfaces. Changes in spectral power over time (T0, T1) and across tasks were assessed using linear mixed effects regression models. Participants showed a significant increase in absolute theta power (p < 0.001) and a decrease in absolute beta power (p < 0.001) at T1, compared to T0. When standing on the foam, there was a significant decrease in both theta (p < 0.001) and alpha (p < 0.01) absolute power values at T0, with the decrease in theta being significantly attenuated by T1 (p < 0.001). The EEG results, together with improvements in balance test scores, suggest that participants experienced improved attentional control to monitor and maintain balance.