Innovating business models in the digital age: a bibliometric study of high-tech startups

High-tech startups (HTS) rely on business model innovation (BMI) to remain competitive and adaptable in the fast-changing digital age. This study conducts a 25-year bibliometric analysis (2000–2025) using bibliometric tools, based on 2,957 peer-reviewed journal articles from Scopus, Web of Science, and Dimensions. The analysis involves data collection, visual mapping, and synthesis to explore the strategic, technological, and entrepreneurial dimensions of BMI in HTS. The research identifies four evolutionary phases in the literature: Nascent Stage (2000–2008), Emerging Growth (2009–2014), Rapid Growth (2015–2020), and Saturation Phase (2021–2025). Key patterns, conceptual shifts, and research gaps are highlighted to guide future empirical research, policy development, and entrepreneurial strategies. This study advances the understanding of BMI in the digital age by showing how HTS strategically respond to rapid technological change and uncertainty.