This analysis demonstrates forces driving an expanding universe's future, highlighting implications for energy densities and the cosmic model.
If the recent acceleration phase of the expanding Universe is driven by a cosmological constant the Universe is future-eternal with a few far reaching ramifications and disturbing consequences. We demonstrate with a cosmological model, that is entirely identical to the standard cosmological model insofar observations of our past are concerned – but otherwise has an effective cosmic time cutoff – that under certain plausible assumptions observers will virtually always find themselves at or near the end of time (EOT) terminal point, where H0η0 = π, and H0 and η0 are the expansion rate and the conformal time, respectively. Assuming a locally flat ΛCDM model for concreteness (but with a global terminal point) such observers will invariably infer that the energy densities associated with the cosmological constant, Λ, and non-relativistic (NR) matter constitute 67.5% and 32.5%, respectively, of the cosmic energy budget at present, which lie well within the 2σ confidence level of the concordance 68.5% and 31.5% values. This addresses the Cosmic Coincidence Problem associated with Λ. A few additional implications are discussed as well.
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Meir Shimon (2025) studied this question.
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