Tunable Mass Transport and Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of CO₂ Laser Engraved Electrodes

This work introduces a novel approach to laser‐engraved electrochemical sensors by exploring vectorized CO 2 laser engraving. Vectorized engraving reduces the interaction between the laser and the precursor material, decreasing uneven carbonization and enhancing charge transfer kinetics. The vectorized engraved patterns allow control over mass transport regimes. The final optimized electrode layout is a spiral, mimicking a disk electrode. Experimental and simulated evaluations have shown that diffusion can be modulated by adjusting the spiral spacing of the lines, leading to radial or planar diffusion. Comparative studies reveal that vector‐engraved electrodes outperform raster‐mode devices in current density (271 vs. 115–175 µA cm −2 ) and closely match commercial platinum electrodes (deviation 〈7%). Proof‐of‐concept detection of levofloxacin confirms improved sensitivity without the need for post‐fabrication treatments. Interestingly, the interdigitated electrodes incorporate the tunable mass transport features of the vectorized engraving method into numerical simulations to predict and optimize electrode design and electrochemical performance. This work establishes an alternative pathway for developing versatile, next‐generation sensor platforms, overcoming the limitations of traditional laser engraving protocols.