Green Micromobility-Based Last-Mile Logistics from Small-Scale Urban Food Producers

The growing demand for sustainable urban logistics highlights the need for innovative, low-emission delivery solutions, particularly in the context of small-scale urban food producers. These producers often face logistical challenges in reaching consumers efficiently while minimizing environmental impacts. Green micro-mobility, such as electric cargo bikes and scooters, offers a promising last-mile delivery alternative that aligns with environmental and economic goals. This study addresses the integration of micromobility into urban food logistics, aiming to enhance both efficiency and sustainability. The authors develop a mathematical optimization model that supports real-time decision-making for last-mile deliveries from multiple local food producers to urban customers using micromobility vehicles. The model considers vehicle capacity constraints, and delivery time windows while minimizing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and total operational costs. Optimization results based on realistic urban scenario demonstrate that the proposed model significantly reduces GHG emissions compared to conventional delivery methods. Additionally, it enables a more cost-effective and streamlined delivery operation tailored to the specific needs of small producers. The findings confirm that green micromobility-based logistics, supported by optimized planning, can play a crucial role in building cleaner, more resilient urban food distribution systems.