Societal Economic Burden of Cystic Fibrosis in Iran: A Cost-of-Illness Study

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare genetic disorder that places a substantial financial burden on patients, families, and the healthcare system. This study aimed to estimate the economic impact of CF in southern Iran. A cross-sectional, prevalence-based cost-of-illness study was conducted from a societal perspective, using a bottom-up approach and the human capital method. Data were collected through insurance records and a standardized cost questionnaire. Mean annual per-patient costs were calculated, and cost determinants were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The average annual cost per CF patient was US $4070, with 67% attributed to direct medical costs, 20% to direct nonmedical costs, and 13% to indirect costs. Higher total costs were significantly associated with disease severity, hospitalization history, and absence of supplementary insurance. CF imposes a considerable economic burden in Iran, predominantly driven by drug and hospitalization expenses. Direct nonmedical costs and indirect costs also contribute meaningfully. These findings highlight the need for improved access to specialized CF care, enhanced insurance coverage, and stronger support for informal caregivers to alleviate the financial pressure on affected families.