The impact of alcohol on assisted reproductive technology (ART) success: Examining challenges and strategies for improvement.

Alcohol consumption is a widespread lifestyle factor with a significant negative impact on reproductive health. Assisted reproductive technology (ART)-which includes in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and intrauterine insemination (IUI)- offers promising options for individuals facing infertility. However, the effect of alcohol on ART outcomes remains inadequately understood. This review synthesizes current evidence demonstrating that alcohol intake impairs fertility in both men and women by decreasing oocyte quality, disrupting embryo development, reducing sperm count, motility, and morphology, and increasing the risk of miscarriage . Mechanistically, alcohol induces oxidative stress, triggers inflammatory responses, and causes epigenetic alterations that compromise reproductive function and ART success. These biological disruptions contribute to reduced pregnancy rates and live birth outcomes. To improve ART outcomes, evidence-based interventions such as lifestyle modification, reduction or cessation of alcohol consumption, a n d a n t i o x i d a n t s u p p l e m e n t a t i o n a r e recommended. By addressing these modifiable risk factors, healthcare providers can enhance the effectiveness of ART and optimize patient care.