Current data highlights the impact of seminal fluid quality on gene expression and female immune responses.
The article presents current data on the properties of seminal fluid that are important for the development of a healthy pregnancy. The current pathophysiological theories based on the study of cell lines, proving the direct role of paternal material in the formation of an allogeneic environment, are considered. The literature data on the influence of the volume and quality of the partner’s biological material are presented. The great importance of information on the reaction of the female organism to seminal fluid is noted. Changes in gene expression and immune responses in the endometrial compartment under the influence of seminal fluid, the identity of the molecular agents by which seminal plasma and sperm interact with the cells of the cervix and endometrium are considered. The physiological significance of seminal fluid priming in women and its potential contribution to unexplained infertility, embryo development and pregnancy outcome are shown.
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Tagirova et al. (2025) studied this question.
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