Analogue optical pattern recognition for cross‐correlational CNN

Pattern recognition in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is computationally intensive due to its reliance on 2D convolutions, requiring significant processing power and time. This paper proposes an analogue optical hardware system to improve CNN efficiency, focusing on forward propagation tasks such as data preparation, correlation, and decision-making. By utilising the continuous properties of light waves for 2D convolutional operations, the system overcomes key limitations of von Neumann architectures around saving power and time. Optical wave operations allow for more efficient and instantaneous tasks like 2D Fourier transforms, which are crucial to pattern recognition. The paper validates these concepts through simulations using MATLAB and COMSOL. Overall, the presented approach paves the way for more efficient ML hardware. Future work will focus on extending the system to enable full CNN training, including backward propagation, as well as the development of commercially suitable hardware implementations.