Innovative Models of Public-Private Alliances in International Trade in Dual-Use Goods: Paths to Global Leadership

The purpose of this article is to highlight innovative models of public-private alliances in international trade in dual-use goods, which are characterized by heightened geopolitical risks and technological interdependencies, involving an analysis of mechanisms for ensuring compliance, innovation, and sustainability with prospects for integration into extensive networks of interdependent global actors. Preserving technological sovereignty is a prerequisite for comprehensive trade security: sovereignty enables, with timely implementation of adaptive transformation policies, the assurance of national competitiveness in dual-use sectors. The study analyzes the interrelations between trade security, technological leadership, and global economic integration through the lens of critical political economy. The paper examines the evolution of conceptual approaches to understanding public-private alliances in the context of globalization, when traditional state control is giving way to complex network structures involving non-state actors such as transnational corporations and technology start-ups. The main focus is on analyzing two key paradigms of partnerships in trade in dual-use goods – the control paradigm and the innovation paradigm – which have different impacts on the trade sovereignty of participating countries. The study demonstrates how the technological revolution and the formation of the technosphere create new challenges for traditional mechanisms of state regulation of trade. Particular attention is paid to Ukraine's experience during the war, which has been a catalyst for the formation of a “national ecosystem of military-technological champions” that combines defense needs with long-term economic modernization goals through dual-use innovation. In parallel, the American “champions” strategy is analyzed as a response to strategic competition with China and the need to restore lost technological competencies in dual-use areas. The study substantiates the concept of “strategic interdependence,” which involves the formation of networks of leading companies from democratic countries to counter authoritarian challenges while preserving the benefits of globalization through “friendly reshoring.” The study allows us to draw key conclusions about the transformation of the global trade architecture and its impact on national technological sovereignty in the context of the transformation of the world order. The article was prepared as part of research work 0123U102061 “International mechanisms for providing resources of strategic importance for enhancing Ukraine’s defense capabilities.”