This method demonstrates effective recrystallization of carbon into graphitic structures in molten metals, suggesting advances in sustainable material production.
In pursuit of sustainable carbon management, this study presents a method for converting amorphous carbon into graphitic nanomaterials through recrystallization in molten metals. At 1500–1600 °C, amorphous carbon feedstock dissolves in molten iron and nickel and recrystallizes into graphitic structures upon controlled cooling. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the transformation of amorphous carbon into ordered carbon domains, revealing regions of few-layer graphene on nickel and agglomerates of graphene nanoplatelets in iron-based systems. Thermodynamic calculations identified iron as the most effective solvent metal for carbon precipitation owing to its higher carbon solubility. This upcycling pathway offers a scalable strategy for converting carbonaceous residues into advanced nanocarbons, contributing to circular economy objectives.
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Wölfelschneider et al. (2025) studied this question.
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