Observational analysis identifies significant variations in acoustic behaviour and vocalization types in stray cows, highlighting emotional responses.
The main objective of this study is to identify the measurable difference in acoustic behaviour of street cows (Bos indicus) in different conditions. This study analyzes acoustic differences in animal vocalizations, focusing on call duration, pitch, formants, and pulse. Significant variations were observed in call duration, particularly for Low-Frequency Calls (LFC), which differed from all other types. Pitch also varied notably between LFC and High-Frequency Calls (HFC). Formant analysis revealed differences in the first and fourth formants, especially between HFC and calf calls. Pulse rates showed further variation across vocalization types. These findings highlight call duration and pitch as key features distinguishing different behavioural and emotional vocalizations.
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Bhagora et al. (2025) studied this question.
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