Insect pollinator diversity and pollination mechanisms among mangrove species: A systematic review

This study presents a systematic thematic literature review focused on the diversity of insect pollinators and pollination mechanisms among mangrove species, with particular emphasis on tropical and subtropical regions, including Guyana. The review aimed to synthesize current knowledge, identify research gaps, and emphasize the ecological importance of plant-pollinator interactions in mangrove ecosystems. Journal articles published between 2020 and 2025 were prioritized using Google Scholar and supplementary databases, including ResearchGate, Semantic Scholar, ScienceDirect, and others. Using a systematic thematic approach, 136 peer-reviewed journal articles were selected from an initial pool of 257, sourced through these online platforms. Older studies dating back to 1967 were included where relevant, to establish foundational context and highlight gaps in historical research. The review revealed that mangrove species employ various pollination strategies, including insect-mediated, wind, and other animal vectors. Insects such as bees, beetles, flies, and butterflies have been identified as key pollinators, attracted to unique floral traits, including morphology, scent, and nectar production. Despite these insights, the review highlights several critical research gaps. There is a pronounced geographic bias in the existing literature, with limited research conducted in mangrove-rich regions, such as Guyana. Additionally, there is a lack of species-level studies, long-term monitoring, and data on pollination efficiency. The effects of habitat degradation on pollinator communities and the underutilization of modern tools such as DNA barcoding and remote sensing further constrain ecological understanding. Addressing these gaps is crucial not only for strengthening mangrove conservation in Guyana but also for contributing to global efforts to protect coastal biodiversity. Improved research on pollination systems will support ecosystem resilience, guide restoration practices, and safeguard the ecological services mangroves provide to vulnerable coastal populations.