This analysis reveals the optimal quercetin and titanium dioxide levels for sun protection in lip creams, indicating improved physicochemical properties.
Exposure of the body to ultraviolet radiation can cause negative effects, including sunburn and cancer. The lips are a particularly sensitive area and should be given special sun protection. This study aimed to determine the optimal concentration of quercetin and titanium dioxide in lip creams and to assess their impact on physicochemical properties (pH, viscosity, lubricity) and the effectiveness of in vitro sun protection. The results showed that quercetin and titanium dioxide had an impact on the physicochemical properties and in vitro sun protection effectiveness. The optimal formula obtained as a result of this research is a combination of quercetin and titanium dioxide at concentrations of 3.00% and 9.52%, respectively. The combination of these substances shows potential for use in creams that protect against the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation.
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Wisudyaningsih et al. (2025) studied this question.
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