Contamination Characteristics of 21 PFAS in Shellfish and Crustaceans of Zhejiang Province and Exposure Risk Assessment for Adult Dietary Consumers

This study investigated the occurrence, sources, and health risks of 21 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in commercially available shellfish and crustaceans from Zhejiang Province, China. Among the 306 samples analyzed, 87.91% contained at least one detectable PFAS. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the most frequently detected PFAS (64.7%), followed by perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) (53.8%), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (52.9%), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) (50.0%). The total PFAS in shellfish and crustaceans ranged from ND to 0.86 to 173 ng/g wet weight, with a median of 4.11 ng/g ww.; the concentration of total PFAS followed this order: marine crustaceans > freshwater crustaceans > bivalves > mussels. Estimation of the human intake of adult consumers, the estimated daily intake (EDI) of Σ21 PFAS ranged from 0.01 to 15.7 ng/kg bw/day; 0.31% of the adult study population had Σ4PFAS exposure levels resulting in Hazard Quotient (HQ) values > 1, which may represent a potential public health concern for these individuals. Long-term exposure risks for specific PFCAs such as perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUdA) and perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) merit concern.