Mechanism and Parameter Sensitivity of Overlying Rock Failure in Longwall Panel

This study investigates the damage range of the longwall mining face roof using theoretical calculations, numerical simulations, and field investigations. A mechanical model of the roof surrounding rock was developed to establish the relationship between roof failure depth, vertical stress, and rock compressive strength. The damage height calculation formula was revised, and methods for determining maximum damage height and horizontal influence range were proposed. Range analysis identified the rock bulking coefficient K and joint fissure influence coefficient ζ as key factors affecting roof damage height. Engineering analysis of the 1802 panel in Xinzhuang Coal Mine, combined with FLAC 3D simulations, revealed stress distribution and dynamic evolution characteristics of the yield zone during mining, with a maximum failure height of 125 m. Field borehole television monitoring and seismic analysis confirmed a fracture zone height of 128 m, aligning with theoretical calculations. The study also highlighted activity patterns of high‐frequency low‐energy seismic events in the lower strata and low‐frequency high‐energy events in the upper hard strata. These findings provide valuable theoretical and practical insights for predicting roof failure height.