This article explores adverse medical events in balneological and physical therapy, suggesting ways to minimize risks.
The use of balneological and physical therapy methods is safe, provided they are properly ordered by the physician and executed by physical therapist according to medical knowledge. However in every therapeutic facility that treats patients, therein health resort, adverse medical events may occur. This article describes and clarifies various types of negative health resort treatment outcome. Authors (physician and lawyer) aim at giving a clue regarding the possibility of negative therapy outcome, but above all regarding avoiding or minimizing such events. Negative consequences of each therapy type, therein in health resort, involve: side effects, medical events and accidents. Side effects are a result of undesired reaction of organism in response to implemented therapy. Most of them are difficult to predict and diagnose, hence it is difficult to determine direct cause. Most frequently we witness the improper excessive spa reaction (crisis) or allergic reactions to therapeutic measures. Far-reaching reactions may occur after the therapy has been finished. The latter can be related to excessive production of free oxygen radicals triggered by certain health resort treatment therapies and initiating oxidative stress within the organism. Research has shown that oxidative stress may occur during certain balneological and physical therapy procedures or during kinesitherapy.
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Ponikowska et al. (2025) studied this question.
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