A Review - The Role of Chemotherapy of Cancer Treatment

Cancer is a chronic, multifactorial, and heterogeneous condition, comprising a group of diseases. Its high prevalence and complex interactions among risk factors mean that even subtle influences can lead to significant effects. Cancer happens when cells grow out of control and form harmful tumors, leading to millions of deaths every year. Cancer treatment involves various approaches, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation, each tailored to the type, stage, and individual characteristics of the disease. The importance of chemotherapy in cancer treatment is steadily increasing, particularly when used as an adjuvant to local therapies such as surgery or radiation. Moreover, in advanced stages where the tumor has spread beyond its original site, chemotherapy plays a growing role in relieving cancer-related symptoms and extending patient survival.