Performance of Vetiver System in Overburden Dump Reclamationof SECL Coal-Mine in India: Influence of Soil Nutrients and Seasonal Variations

Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) is recognised for its adaptability in adverse conditions, making it a suitable choice for reclaiming overburden dumps. However, its effectiveness across different seasons and soil nutrient conditions remains underexplored. A limited understanding of nutrient dynamics in dump spoils may result in poor planning; affecting Vetiver’s growth and overall reclamation success. This study assesses the performance of Vetiver in an opencast coal mine dump in the Hasdeo-Arand Coalfield, Korba, India. Vetiver was planted across three sites during different seasons in 2018, and soil properties were analysed before and after the plantation using standard soil testing methods. Growth was measured based on the number of shoots and average shoot height. Pre-plantation soil analysis showed acidic conditions (pH 5.69-6.22) and low organic carbon (0.14-0.30%), nitrogen (130-190 kg/ha), phosphorus (10.85-26.19 kg/ha), and potassium (72-198 kg/ ha). Post-plantation, soil pH remained stable, with minimal improvement in organic carbon and minor variations in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Micronutrient analysis indicated slight reductions in manganese, copper, iron, and zinc levels. Vetiver growth was significantly influenced by seasonal conditions. The highest shoot count (44.8 ± 11.62) was recorded at Site A (monsoon plantation), followed by Site B (39.3 ± 6.3). In contrast, Site C (winter plantation) exhibited poor survival, with the lowest shoot count (22.5 ± 5.07) and significant coverage loss by February 2019. Statistical analysis could show that seasonal factors had a considerable impact on growth, with notable differences in phosphorus and organic carbon levels among sites (p < 0.05). Major Findings: The findings could indicate that Vetiver plantation should be scheduled during the rainy season for optimal growth, with regular fertilization and protection against invasive grass and shade to sustain long-term establishment in overburden dumps.