Deciphering and targeting oncogenic pathways through integrated approaches and amino acid metabolism in hematologic malignancies

Hematologic malignancies, including leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, represent a diverse group of blood cancers driven by complex oncogenic pathways and genetic aberrations. Despite advances in treatment, resistance and relapse remain significant clinical challenges. This review presents an integrative approach to blood cancer therapy, highlighting the convergence of precision medicine, CRISPR-based gene editing, immunotherapy (including CAR-T cells and immune checkpoint inhibitors), and targeted modulation of amino acid metabolism. We investigate the molecular pathways driving tumour development and resistance, highlighting how multi-omic profiling facilitates personalised therapy approaches. Recent breakthroughs in reprogramming immune responses and editing driver mutations have revolutionized therapeutic paradigms. Additionally, the metabolic dependencies of cancer cells, particularly in amino acid biosynthesis and catabolism, offer novel vulnerabilities. This meticulous synthesis outlines a framework for translational techniques that integrate molecular targeting with immunological and metabolic regulation to improve treatment effectiveness and surmount therapeutic resistance in haematologic malignancies.