Unraveling the Impact of Sleep Disturbances on Mental Health in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Exploring the Links and Implications

Background. Type 2 diabetes melitus is linked to sleep disorders, which can worsen glucose metabolism and contribute to anxiety and depression. This study aimed to investigate the association between insomnia and anxiety and depression in T2DM patients. Objective: This study aimed to assess the association between insomnia and anxiety and depression in patients with Type 2 diabetes melitus, examining the relationship between sleep quality and mental health outcomes to inform strategies for improving patient care. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among 376 patients with decompensated Type 2 diabetes melitus to investigate the relationship between insomnia, anxiety, and depression. The study utilized standardized assessment tools, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) ,Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) to evaluate insomnia, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to assess anxiety and depression symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the association between insomnia and the presence of anxiety and depression, controlling for potential confounding variables. This comprehensive approach enabled the researchers to gain a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between sleep disturbances, anxiety and depression in patients with T2DM. Study place and duration The study was conducted at Abbasi shaheed Hospital between January 2024 to December 2024. Results: The study found a significant association between sleep disturbances and anxiety/depression, with 12.80% of patients experiencing anxiety and 12.20% experiencing depression. Poor sleep quality and insomnia severity increased the risk of both conditions, highlighting the importance of addressing sleep disturbances to mitigate anxiety and depression risk. . In terms of anxiety, the adjusted odds ratio for PSQI and ISI scores were 1.09 (P=0.08) and 1.07 (P=0.01) respectively. These for depression were 1.10 (P=0.06) and 1.07 (P=0.01), respectively. Conclusions The study concluded that the severity of insomnia is a key indicator of psychological health in T2DM patients, especially those with anxiety and depression. Timely evaluation and further research are necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms and develop effective assessment techniques to improve diagnosis and treatment in clinical settings.