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September 17, 2025npj Materials Sustainability43 citationsOpen Access

Lithium resources and novel strategies for their extraction and purification

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FWFangshuai WuKSKarthik Ramachandran ShivakumarKKKurt O. Konhauser

Key Points

  • Demand for lithium has increased significantly, urging the need for efficient extraction and purification methods.
  • The review covers various lithium resources, including igneous rocks, clays, and brines, and their production techniques.
  • Direct lithium extraction techniques are emphasized, with a focus on enhancing performance through doping and coatings.
  • Challenges such as sorbent degradation are addressed, indicating the need for innovative strategies to improve lithium recovery.

Abstract

The demand for lithium (Li) for batteries has risen sharply. This review discusses Li resources (igneous rocks, clays, brines), production methods, and Li recycling from spent batteries. We highlight direct lithium extraction (DLE) techniques, focusing on lithium manganese oxides (LMOs). As challenges like sorbent degradation continue to be problematic, doping, surface coating, and the use of composites are explored as strategies to enhance LMO performance for sustainable Li production.

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Cite This Study

Wu et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68d4566c31b076d99fa5bb23https://doi.org/10.1038/s44296-025-00069-5
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