The initiation, development, and morphological construction of floral organs constitute a highly intricate process, involving numerous factors and their interactions. MADS-box genes are key regulators of developmental processes and are consequently the most extensively studied gene family in floral organ research. By synthesizing current understanding of the regulatory roles of MADS-box genes in the initiation, differentiation, and morphogenesis of floral organ, this review provides novel insights into the floral development program and the general transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of this gene family. It also offers a reference for further in-depth exploration of this gene family and the refinement of theories governing floral development regulation.
Wu et al. (2025) studied this question.