Ethno-Entomophagous Practices Among Tiwa Community of Morigaon District, Assam (India)

Insects are a vital yet underexplored food source, particularly among indigenous communities in developing regions. This study explores the traditional practice of entomophagy among the Tiwa community in Morigaon district, Assam, India. A field survey conducted across 7 Tiwa-dominated villages showed the consumption of 14 insect species belonging to 7 orders and 13 families. Commonly consumed insects include Samia cynthia ricini (Eri silkworm), Bombyx mori (Mulberry silkworm), Lethocerus indicus (Giant Water Bug), and Formica indica (Red Ant). These insects are rich in protein, fats and other nutrients, and were consumed in various forms. They were boiled, roasted, fried, or curried. Eri silkworms emerged as the most widely consumed species due to their year-round availability and ease of domestication. Other insects were mainly seasonal and harvested from the wild. While most edible insects were locally collected, the Eri silkworm is sold in markets, reflecting its economic potential. The Tiwa community's entomological knowledge extends beyond nutrition to medicinal uses, though this wisdom is traditionally passed down orally. This study emphasizes the importance of preserving indigenous knowledge and highlights the potential of edible insects to contribute to food security, nutrition, and rural livelihoods. The findings also support the development of sustainable markets for insect-based foods in Assam..