Pharmacogenetics – molecular basis for effective and safe drug therapy

Тhe article provides information on a new branch of science – pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenetic phenomena that determine individual reactions to drugs depending on hereditarily determined features of biotransformation, interaction with receptor formations, enzyme systems, and practical possibilities for predicting individual effects. Mechanisms of drug interaction with the human body, genetically determined individual differences in drug effects should be considered as a regular pattern, since all pharmacodynamic processes, pharmacokinetics, and drug metabolism are mediated by protein formations, receptors, ion channels associated with them, carriers, enzymes of synthesis and metabolism of endogenous receptor ligands, various modulators, including peptide ones, and enzymes that metabolize drugs. These mechanisms are DNA-dependent, which determines their individuality, thus the response to the action of a drug is determined by a combination of genetic and external environmental factors, but at the same time, acquired properties modify genetically dependent mechanisms. The role of genetic and environmental factors for each patient must be determined individually. It is important to know the hereditary mechanisms of formation of individual reactions to drugs.