Ecografía pulmonar: correlación entre el patrón intersticial y la proteinuria en gestantes con preeclampsia

Objective: To correlate the pulmonary interstitial pattern and proteinuria in pregnant women with preeclampsia with severity criteria who attended the Delivery Room and Maternal-Fetal Medicine services of the Concepción Palacios Maternity Hospital, during the period May - August 2024. Methods: A prospective, descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study. 100 patients diagnosed with severe preeclampsia who met the inclusion criteria were included. They underwent lung ultrasound with a convex transducer using the twelve-quadrant technique to evaluate the interstitial pattern and correlated it with the qualitative proteinuria value. Results: Of the total sample, 82% had an interstitial pattern and 18% an aerated pattern. Among patients with an interstitial pattern, 3.3% had 1 + proteinuria, 23.2% two crosses, 36.6% three crosses, and 36.6% four crosses. Of 82 patients with an interstitial pattern, 79 (96.3%) had proteinuria ≥ 300 mg/dL (p = 0.005). There was no association between the interstitial pattern and systolic (p = 0.991) or diastolic (p = 0.915) blood pressure, serum creatinine concentration (p = 0.463), or elevated glutamic oxaloacetic transaminases (p = 0.532) or glutamic pyruvic transaminases (p = 0.610). It was also not associated with the presence of headache (p = 0.275) or scotomas (p = 0.298). Conclusion: The interstitial pattern has a higher incidence with higher proteinuria. Patients with severe preeclampsia tend to develop interstitial pattern more frequently.