Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of Ca‐Sn Co‐Doped ZnO Nanoparticles Via a Co‐Precipitation Route

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have gained significant consideration globally due to their biological properties and have shown enhanced properties when doped and co‐doped with different transition metals. This research deals with synthesizing Ca‐Sn co‐doped ZnO nanoparticles using the co‐precipitation method and investigating the antibacterial activity of Ca‐Sn co‐doped ZnO nanoparticles. Ca‐Sn co‐doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized for the first time using different techniques. Ca‐Sn co‐doped ZnO nanoparticles with an average size of approximately 37.5 and 39.61 nm were synthesized, as revealed by SEM and XRD analysis. The bandgap energy decreased from 3.21 eV (pure ZnO) to 2.98 eV (Ca‐Sn co‐doped ZnO). Antibacterial assays revealed zones of inhibition of 16.0 ± 0.3 mm (Strain 1) and 24.3 ± 0.4 mm (Strain 2) at 15 µL nanoparticle concentration (1 mg/mL).