Observational analysis shows non-thermal atmospheric plasma treatment improves bonding performance in ceramic post-and-cores, indicating enhanced durability.
Objectives To evaluate the impact of non‐thermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) treatment on the bonding performance of different digital methods (full‐digital vs. semi‐digital) fabricated customized ceramic post‐and‐core. Methods Ceramic blocks treated with NTAP in different configurations were bonded with resin cement and tested by shear bond strength (SBS) and tensile bond strength (TBS) tests: on the ceramic surfaces (X‐Pl‐Pr‐C), on primer‐applied surfaces (X‐Pr‐Pl‐C), on cement‐applied surfaces (X‐Pr‐C‐Pl), and on both ceramic and cement‐applied surfaces (X‐Pl‐Pr‐C‐Pl). Contact angle and FTIR‐ATR analyses were performed to examine the effects of NTAP on the selected zirconia‐resin interface. The precision of full‐digital and semi‐digital fabrication methods was evaluated by comparing the linear discrepancy during the fabrication of zirconia post‐and‐cores. Push‐out bond strength (PBS) testing was then used to assess the influence of NTAP treatment on zirconia post‐and‐cores bonded to extracted single root canals. Results Appropriate NTAP treatment parameters/procedures significantly improved the immediate TBS and SBS of all ceramic samples, except for the primer‐treated group (X‐Pr‐Pl‐C), with the most pronounced enhancement observed for zirconia. Semi‐digital fabrication exhibited a smaller linear discrepancy at the apical third of the root compared to the full‐digital method. NTAP treatment increased the PBS to both immediate and aged zirconia post‐and‐cores fabricated via semi‐digital or full‐digital bonded to root canals. Conclusion NTAP treatment enhanced ceramic's wettability and resin polymerization, thereby improving surface bonding. Semi‐digital fabrication demonstrated better precision at the apical third of the root. Overall, appropriate NTAP treatment significantly improved the bonding performance of customized ceramic post‐and‐cores with root canals, with optimal efficacy achieved through concurrent application on both ceramic surfaces and cement‐applied surfaces. Clinical Significance NTAP treatment improves customized ceramic post‐and‐core bonding, overcoming its surface inertness and reducing debonding risks, ensuring long‐term stability.
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Zhong et al. (2025) studied this question.
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