Bridges in social networks: current status and challenges

In social network analysis, bridges play a critical role in maintaining connectivity and facilitating the dissemination of information between communities. Despite increasing interest in bridge structures, a systematic classification of their roles across various network types remains unexplored. This study introduces a categorization of bridges into structural and functional types. Structural bridges maintain connectivity by preventing network fragmentation, whereas functional bridges facilitate the flow of information between communities. We conducted a comprehensive literature review and classified existing studies within this framework. The findings clarify the distinct roles of bridges and provide valuable insight for devising effective strategies for network design and analysis.