Introduction: The accelerating shift toward Industry 4.0 compels higher education to adopt innovative technologies that foster critical 21st-century competencies, including problem-solving, critical thinking, collaboration, and digital literacy. While the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud-based platforms are widely implemented in industrial domains, their integration into educational training modules remains underexplored.Objective: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of cloud-integrated IoT training modules in enhancing university students’ 21st-century skills.Method: A quasi-experimental research design with pre-test and post-test control groups was conducted involving 120 undergraduate engineering students from two institutions. The training modules were developed with web server and cloud platform integration to enable real-time data acquisition, remote monitoring, and interactive learning experiences simulating authentic engineering practices. Data were collected through standardized 21st-century competency assessments, system usage analytics, and structured student feedback questionnaires.Results: Analysis using ANCOVA indicated a significant improvement in critical thinking (p < 0.01), problem-solving (p < 0.01), and collaboration skills (p < 0.05) in the experimental group compared to the control group. Qualitative feedback further revealed that students perceived the modules as engaging, relevant, and supportive of real-world skill development.Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that cloud-integrated IoT training modules not only enhance essential 21st-century competencies but also provide scalable solutions for technology-driven curriculum innovation in higher education. This research enriches the literature on IoT-based learning environments and offers practical implications for educators seeking to integrate Industry 4.0 technologies into teaching and learning practices.
Dermawan et al. (2025) studied this question.