Compassionate Use of Encapsulated MKB-01 Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Single-Center Experience

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a safe and effective treatment for recurrent Clostridiodes difficile infection (rCDI). However, experience with the oral biologic product MKB-01 remains limited. We describe a series of 13 patients with rCDI treated with FMT using MKB-01 capsules administered orally. Each patient received a single dose of 4 capsules (≥2.1–2.5 × 1011 microorganisms) with water after a 2 h fasting period. Antibiotic therapy was discontinued pre FMT. Clinical evaluation was performed at weeks 8 and 12. The mean number of prior recurrences was 1.5 (range: 1–3 episodes). In 12 patients (92.3%), FMT was administered after resolution of the current episode; in one patient (7%), it was administered on day 3 of fidaxomicin therapy, prior to symptom resolution. At week 8, clinical cure (Absence of baseline symptoms for at least 72 h) was achieved in 11 patients (84.6%). An additional patient (7%) responded to a second FMT. One recurrence occurred at 8 weeks and was resolved with a second FMT. Therefore, the overall clinical response rate after one or more FMTs was 12 out of 13 patients (92.3%). The procedure was well tolerated; only one patient experienced self-limited diarrhea. These findings support oral FMT with MKB-01 capsules as a safe and effective option for treating rCDI.