Depression, Anemia, and Physical Activity in Women with and without Diabetes: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Diabetes is a major public health concern that is increasing significantly in India. Women are mentally and physically affected by diabetes for various reasons. This study assessed depression, anemia, and physical activity in women with and without diabetes. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 167 women with diabetes and 167 healthy women ( N = 334). Data were collected using the demographic and clinical data sheet, hemoglobin levels obtained from lab report, six points physical activity scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 that measured the depression in participants. Results: Among the 167 participants, 51.5% of diabetics were aged 30–60 years, compared to 86.83% of healthy controls ( P < 0.001). Literacy rates above PUC were significantly higher in healthy controls at 73.65% versus 42.51% in women with diabetes. Depression was notably more prevalent among women with diabetes (64.07%) compared to healthy controls (10.18%). A higher proportion of women with diabetes had normal hemoglobin levels (72.45%) than healthy controls (49.70%), while the prevalence of anemia was lower in women with diabetes (27.54%) compared to healthy controls (50.29%; P = 0.007). Light exercise was the most common physical activity in both groups, with a minimal yoga practice observed. Conclusion: Women with diabetes face higher rates of depression and need mental health screenings, while both diabetic and healthy women have moderate physical activity levels.