Turf Toe

Turf toe is a sprain of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint caused by hyperextension of the great toe, commonly seen in athletes. This injury results from repetitive or forceful dorsiflexion when the forefoot is planted and the heel elevated, leading to damage of the plantar capsuloligamentous structures. The clinical presentation includes pain, swelling, and decreased push-off strength, which can impair athletic performance. Risk factors include playing surface, footwear, position-specific movements, and previous injury. Diagnosis relies on clinical examination and imaging modalities such as x-ray and magnetic resonance imaging. Management is primarily nonoperative for Grades I and II injuries, involving rest, immobilization, and rehabilitation. Grade III injuries may require surgical intervention to restore joint stability. Outcomes are generally favorable with appropriate treatment, but severe cases may lead to chronic joint dysfunction or even career-ending complications. Continued advancements in turf technology, footwear design, and surgical techniques offer hope for better prevention and management of this debilitating injury.