A synchronous activation-graphitization route for the preparation of highly graphitized porous biomass carbon from raisins for supercapacitor applications

An innovative single-step synthesis route that transforms raisin biomass into highly graphitized porous carbon with exceptional electrochemical properties for supercapacitor applications is reported. This approach uniquely combines KOH activation with K 2 FeO 4 -catalyzed graphitization in a unified thermal treatment, eliminating the need for sequential processing steps characteristic of conventional methods Structural characterization confirmed the successful synthesis of highly graphitized carbon, as evidenced by XRD patterns showing characteristic (002) and (101) diffraction peaks and Raman spectroscopy yielding an I G /I D ratio of 0.98. The material exhibited exceptional textural properties, including a BET surface area of 2315 m 2 g ‐1 and a total pore volume of 1.34 cm 3 g ‐1 , indicative of a well-developed porous architecture. Electrochemical testing demonstrated outstanding performance, with the biomass-derived porous carbon electrode achieving 323.1 F g ‐1 at 0.5 A g ‐1 . This scalable synthesis strategy facilitates sustainable production of high-performance carbon materials for advanced energy storage applications, combining economic viability with environmental benefits.