Unveiling the Inflammatory Connections: Evaluating Anthropometric and Bio-impedance Indices as Prognostic Indicators of Inflammation through the Dietary Inflammatory Index among Government Doctors in Gujarat, India - A Cross-sectional Study.

Obesity and chronic inflammation increase metabolic disease risk. This study investigated associations between inflammation, body composition, and dietary patterns in Indian physicians. In this cross-sectional study, 550 government doctors aged 25-60 years in Gujarat, India, were recruited through multistage random sampling. Anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and food frequency questionnaire data were collected. Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores were calculated. High obesity prevalence was observed, with 48% classified as obese by body fat percentage (BF%) despite normal body mass index (BMI). Significant positive correlations were found between DII scores and BF% (r = 0.57, P < 0.001) and BMI (r = 0.27, P < 0.001). DII scores were negatively correlated with skeletal muscle percent (r = -0.45, P < 0.001). Higher body fat raised the odds of elevated DII by 1.121 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.22, P < 0.001), while higher muscle percent lowered DII odds by 0.910 (95% CI 0.85-0.964, P < 0.001). Excess adiposity correlated with higher dietary inflammation among Indian physicians, contrasting with lower inflammation linked to greater muscle mass. Evaluating inflammation alongside body composition provides insights beyond BMI alone.